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analyst opinions PERUANO PERUVIAN

Peruvian Analysts agree that Chile maintains military superiority of three to one against Peru, and while recognizing that there are no warlike zeal by Santiago, indicate that such superiority allowed to refuse to address the issue of maritime delimitation.

felt so many military experts interviewed by the newspaper Página 12, Buenos Aires, and in a note on the firearms issue today titled "Growing Chile's military power."

recalled first the tabloid Alan Garcia, Peru's President-elect, "Special attention will seek to improve relations with Chile, historically conflicting and characterized by mutual mistrust," adding that "this distrust is fueled by an aggressive program to buy weapons that Chile has been doing in recent years and has broken the strategic balance that existed between the military might of both countries. "

also contrasted the newspaper that "while the total budget of the Armed Forces (Armed Forces) Peru is about one billion dollars annually and Defense Fund recently created each year gives you an extra $ 45 million, Chile has an annual budget of $ 600 million only for the acquisition of new weapons, which adds its regular budget.

"With that money," he continued, Chile has bought ten new F-16 United States, another 30 F-16 used in the Netherlands, modern German tanks Lepoard 1 and Leopard 2 and submarines. This has created a marked imbalance in military strength of both nations, "he said.

quoted as military expert Enrique Obando, who said that" when a country has military superiority of three to one can be said to have an advantage clear that ensures victory. Currently, Chile on Peru superiority is much greater than three to one, "he said.

further explained Obando "in what naval force, the situation is more or less evenly, although Chile has taken some advantage to have purchased submarines."

"In the Air Force may oppose the Peru, the 40 F-16 made by Chile, its 12 Mirage 2000, Mig 29 and 18 19 25 Shukoi" he said, but acknowledged that "it is in the army where the difference is more noticeable, because Peru has only his old T-55 Russian tanks and French AMX-13, which are in the 50s ", who would face the modern Chilean Leopard.

On the precarious outlook for Peruvian military institutions also felt the former general and defense minister of that country, Roberto Chiabra, and said that "the budget of the Armed Forces is intended by 99 percent to pay salaries and virtually nothing left for maintenance of equipment. Between 75 percent and 80 percent of the weapons we have is not operating "he said.

Obando, meanwhile, said that "Chile has military capacity but I do not have any intention of attacking Peru to annex part of its territory. Chile does not seek war, but military power serves, for example, refuse to negotiate the issue of maritime boundaries, which is why Peru should seek military reduce that difference, "he advised. Successive and recent

institutes and centers studies of the military have recognized the great technological leap of the Chilean military capabilities and even a few days ago and from Stockholm, said that by the year 2010, the Chilean armed forces and technology will have a capacity similar to those of some countries NATO. DEFENSE AND INFORMATION

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Espionage

Suspicions raised by the head of the National Intelligence Agency, Gustavo Villalobos, before deputies last week, have a foothold in history and in the manner of operation of the neighboring agents. The cases are varied, from microphones in our country's embassy in Lima, until the death of an Ecuadorean officer, who was burned in furnaces called "Little Pentagon." And also has the mysterious suicide by poisoning of a former Chilean military.

When on Tuesday of last week the director of the National Intelligence Agency (ANI), Gustavo Villalobos, told committee members of the House that the Peruvian intelligence information could have bought Argentine agent arrested in Uruguay Iván Velásquez who hacked emails Chilean diplomats and ministers, spoke with informed and supported by history.

And is that the Peruvian intelligence services have two key priorities and logic to find information: Chile and Ecuador, countries with which borders and those who maintained historical conflicts. And it spent much of their resources and personnel. That is why a third party to acquire information about our country is a solution in part is priced cheap-only a person-and less risky than others, since it is only the violation of an e-mail.


Peruvian intelligence services have set up an internal structure based on Soviet-style and were rehabilitated during the Fujimori administration by Vladimiro Montesinos, who endowed them with technology and a great role. One of the features it has, unlike Chile, is that many of their spies operating from their embassies under diplomatic immunity, as do most countries.

Several sources consulted by the desk in the ability to match services with Peruvians. They say they are great counterfeiters, to the point of copying, such as passports and documents from around the world, which has brought more of a problem for Chilean intelligence and Ecuador.


security failures, however, due to the large number of staff dedicated to this work is a daily occurrence information leaks, not only counter, but also important data for the foreign service. In fact, in Lima for example, have aired "chuponeos" or interceptions telephone public figures whose content is published by the press, revealing the internal flaws.

Thus, when an agent has fallen from grace, either due to faulty work or by internal purges, often retaliate by providing information and this motivation is never wasted by the Chileans, says a source familiar with the matter, who says there is a high level of corruption.

is common for both the Navy and Air Force and Army "pinched" many Peruvians documents, many of them originals, because non-commissioned officers, sergeants and corporals are bad pay. Hence, if the military has access to information and more aún, el potencial necesario, es un caldo de cultivo para el reclutamiento como agente. Si bien no es un acto sencillo que se haga de la noche a la mañana, las condiciones económicas de muchos uniformados hacen el trabajo de la inteligencia chilena algo más fácil.

Recuerdos del pasado

En la historia del espionaje peruano, tanto de sus actos con Chile como con los ecuatorianos, hay varios casos muy decidores. Uno de ellos se produjo en 2001, cuando el embajador chileno en Lima, Juan Pablo Lira, denunció que la sede diplomática estaba plagada de micrófonos, cuestión que las autoridades políticas negaron, pese al descubrimiento de los aparatos.

Otro hecho que permanece muy bien saved, was poisoned, "he said it was suicide, a former Chilean Army officer who lived for several years in Lima, which occurred in mid-2001. The former uniformed providing consulting for a company called Tactical Network, the same that led to former members of the Armed Forces to Iraq, which belonged to a former soldier of our country.

And even in cases like these can never prove conclusively the Peruvian labor services, history of books and reports in that country give a vision of how to resolve the fate of the agents that are discovered.

For example, the text written by journalist Ricardo Uceda, "Pentagonito, burial secrets of the Peruvian army, realizes the brutality of the war against subversion, but also how to remove the foreign spies.

The best example concerns the Ecuadorian Enrique Duchicela sergeant, assigned to that country's embassy in Lima, who was burned in 1988 in Pengonito ovens, then discovered that Peruvian intelligence had managed to assemble a spy ring within Army.

Another case is that the Peruvian officer Garayar Julio Vargas, who was caught selling information to Chile. He was shot in late 1979.

No less were the revelations of Vladimiro Montesinos in a the few interviews he has given about his activities, he recalled that one of his trips to Chile, the spies at the embassy decided to follow a Chilean who worked at the embassy. As acknowledged, she would have gone to the offices of the Directorate of Army Intelligence (DINE). But in the spy everything has a shadow back. Perhaps the infiltration was detected too late. The only certainty is that the actors of this story will be the secret to the grave. DEFENSE AND INFORMATION

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T-72 TANK MISSILE LAUNCH

The first important point to consider is that the T-72 tank and its variant M1, performance is well below the Leopard 1V, its hypothetical counterpart en el escenario europeo, en el transcurso de la guerra fría.
Entro en servicio a principios de la década del 70, del cual se produjeron mas de 25.000 unidades, al servicio de Argelia, Cuba, India, Libia, Siria, y si bien se especuló que el Perú había adquirido unas 150 unidades, esto resultó ser falso.
Se fabricó bajo licencia en Checoslovaquia, Polonia,India y Yugoslavia.
Existe también una versión China de este carro de asalto.
Se presento al público en 1977, durante el desfile conmemorativo del
60º aniversario de la revolución rusa, este carro de asalto es el que se ha producido en mayor numero en los últimos tiempos: El "cuco soviético" ("Fear" to the robust Soviet technology that the West suffered for years) was that even in the Pentagon consider the T-72 as a car invincible, even said that his armor was impervious to anti-tank munitions available in the Alliance, and even missiles. However much of this fame was out of the Pentagon propaganda, who through the threat of overvaluation achieved a higher budget in the coffers of the Armed Forces of the most powerful countries. This led to the development of more powerful ammunition and missiles, fearing the alleged magnificent performance of T-72.
mid 70's speed was estimated at fantastic figures 100 km / hr, which eventually was reduced to 80 km / hr, and in 1984 the Pentagon fixed at 60 km / hr on the highway.
The T-72, has the same armament and aesthetic characteristics very similar to T-64 and has the same engine as the T-62.
All the rumors and concerns of the countries of the Northern Alliance - NATO - collapsed in 1982 when the Syrians used them against Israel in the Lebanon war in 1982 between the months of June and July. Merkava I tanks, Israeli armed with 105/51 cannon, were imposed on the T-72 despite being quite older and smaller size, compared to 125 mm main gun, with which the T-account 72. In this particular case the Israelis used armor-piercing ammunition.
In this war showed that the T-72 was far from being considered invincible and it was recognized that the best weapon is the training of troops, as the Israelis have a better preparation, more professionalism, and great support This existing mixed media ensure victory in most cases. It is recalled that Israel has, unlike other countries, three or more branches in the defense, but with only one component army with naval, land and air, having a degree of coordination of actions well above three branches independent.

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